An opioid overdose requires immediate medical attention. Call 911 immediately if you or someone you know exhibits any of the symptoms.

Get The Facts

With opioids and fentanyl poisoning impacting so many Minnesotans, it’s important to do your homework. Anyone can be affected by opioid use disorder, in many different ways. For some, it begins as an escape from physical or emotional pain, but it can easily become a brutal cycle of dependence and withdrawal.

If you struggle with substances like opioids, synthetics, or heroin, you need to know that recovery is possible. It can take work, but you’re not alone. Help is available.

If someone is showing signs of an overdose, also call 911 immediately.

What are

Opioids?

Opioids are meant to be prescribed as pain relievers and are used in many common prescriptions. They’re effective, but powerful, and overuse can quickly leave you needing more. When your prescriptions run out, that can leave you in a bad place. That’s why so many turn to illegal street drugs – once you’re addicted, withdrawal can be severe, so buying opioids from a dealer becomes a quick fix.

EVEN ONCE CAN KILL

While habitual users can overdose, even recreational use of opioids puts users at risk. The truth is “pure” heroin, cocaine, ecstasy, meth, or other street drugs is a thing of the past. Today, virtually everything is cut with cheap, but potent, fillers. That means more money for the dealer, while the unregulated toxic blend of ingredients can poison their customer in an instant.

FAKE PILLS, REAL CONSEQUENCES

Counterfeit pills have flooded the market, and even trained professionals can’t spot the difference. Since these fakes are cut with powerful ingredients, even borrowing a pill from a friend can prove deadly. Many overdose deaths are the due to the random way these pills are made, with wildly varying dosages. Take the wrong pill, or an unlucky puff from a synthetic joint, and you’re in an emergency room – if you’re lucky.

Examples of Opioids

  • Acetylfentanyl
  • Buprenorphine (Buprenex, BUtrans, Probuphine)
  • Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone, Zubsolv, Bunavail)
  • Carfentanil
  • Codeine
  • Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora, Subsys, Abstral, Lazanda, Onsolis)
  • Furanylfentanyl
  • Heroin
  • Hydrocodone (Hysingla, Zohydro ER)
  • Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Vicodin)
  • Hydromorphone (Dilaudid, Exalgo)
  • Meperidine (Demerol)
  • Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose)
  • Morphine (Avinza, Kadian, MC Contin, Morphabond)
  • Opium
  • Oxycodone (OxyContin, Oxaydo, Percocet, Roxicet)
  • Tramadol (Ultram, Ultracet, Ryzolt)
  • Oxymorphone (Opana)
  • Tapentadol

Source: cdc.gov

Signs of Overdose and Misuse

Do you suspect an overdose?

An opioid overdose requires immediate medical attention. Call 911 immediately if you or someone you know exhibits any of the symptoms listed below. Minnesota’s Good Samaritan law means you can call regardless of the situation.

Signs of overdose include the following:

Face is extremely pale and/or clammy to the touch 

Body is limp

Fingernails or lips have a blue or purple color

Person is vomiting or making gurgling noises

Person cannot be awakened from sleep or is unable to speak

Breathing is very slow or stopped

Heartbeat is very slow or stopped

Signs of overmedication, which can progress to overdose, include:

Unusual sleepiness or drowsiness

Mental confusion, slurred speech or intoxicated behavior

Slow or shallow breathing

Extremely small “pinpoint” pupils

Slow heartbeat or low blood pressure

Difficulty in being awakened from sleep

Source: AmericaAddictionCenters.org

More Info

For a more extensive list with brand names and street slang, check out this resource from the American Society of Addiction Medicine.

Substance

Abuse in

Minnesota

Data shows that opioid-involved deaths in Minnesota have increased 43% from 2020 to 2021 – with opioids being involved in 90% of all opioid-involved deaths during that time.

685 DEATHS – 2020
977 DEATHS – 2021

Opioid-involved deaths in Minnesota: 412 in 2019 and 654 in 2020

Addressing the Crisis

According to preliminary data from the Minnesota Department of Health, drug overdose deaths attributed to opioids are still at a critically high number, with an estimated 977 opioid-involved deaths in 2021.

To address this critical issue, the Minnesota Department of Human Services, in coordination with the Health Care Administration and the Office of Indian Policy, was awarded State Opioid Response (SOR) funds through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The resulting initiative is designed to increase awareness and reduce deaths related to opioid overdose through prevention, treatment, and recovery.

Numerous community agencies throughout the State of Minnesota are now participating in this effort.

Community and Race Disparities

The negative effects of the opioid crisis have hit some Minnesotans harder than others. There are significant differences in drug overdose rates among racially and ethnically diverse populations in Minnesota as well as among the LGBTQ+ community.

While Minnesota has one of the lowest drug overdose mortality rates in the nation, Minnesota also has some of the worst race rate disparities in drug overdose mortality. African American Minnesotans were three times more likely to die from a drug overdose than white Minnesotans. Native American Minnesotans were ten times more likely to die from a drug overdose.

Why Are There Race Disparities?

According to the Minnesota Department of Health’s Federal Opioid Briefing, there are many reasons why African Americans and American Indians are dying from and using prescription and illicit opioids to self-medicate. The systemic realities of poverty, racism, classism, social isolation, sexual exploitation, and other social inequities affect people’s vulnerability to and capacity to effectively deal with drug-related harms.

African Americans

According to a Minnesota Department of Health study, even though African Americans make up 7% of Minnesota’s population, they are more than three times more likely to die of a drug overdose than whites.

This age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rate is the sixth highest in the U.S. (among the 38 states with this data). Though the reasons for these differences are complex, the consequences are unacceptable.

American Indians

Although American Indians comprise 1.5% of the state’s population, this community accounts for roughly 15% of the Minnesotans who received treatment for opioid use disorder.

Today, American Indians in Minnesota are 10 times more likely to die from a drug overdose than white Minnesotans. They are also 8.7 times more likely than whites to be diagnosed with maternal opioid use disorder during pregnancy, making American Indian infants 7.4 times more likely to be born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Again, such extreme disparities cannot be ignored.

Source: Dept. of Health

Full Report

See the full Race Rate Disparity in Drug Overdose Death report from the Minnesota Department of Health.

LGBTQ+ Community

For LGBTQ+ Americans, the prevalence of substance use disorders, including opioid use disorder, can often be attributed to many factors, including stress and other social pressures. Sadly, research from the National LGBTQ Health Education Center found that many LGBTQ+ Americans face marginalization and discrimination based on their sexual and/or gender identity. The impact of this dynamic is profound, and only makes the challenges associated with opioid abuse or addiction that much more difficult.

Source: The International Journal for Research in Social and Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health Services on Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Injectable Naloxone
A lethal amount of fentanyl sitting next to a penny

Rural Minnesota

While the highest rates of opioid use disorder and related deaths are in the seven-county metro area, multiple data sources point to high rates of problem use, treatment admissions, and deaths in many northern Minnesota counties.

The disparity between rural and metro areas exists for a variety of reasons, including increased unemployment rate, a greater rate of injuries that might require opioid medications, less readily available access to hospitals and treatment for mental health and substance use disorder, and less trust in local medical systems.

The rural counties of Cass, Clearwater, and Mahnomen have the highest rates of risky prescription drug use among youth. School district-level data shows particularly high rates in the Cass Lake-Bena District, the Waubun-Ogema White Earth District, and the Red Lake District.

Get Help Now

If you – or someone you know – are struggling with opioid use disorder, help is available. Visit the Fast-Tracker website to receive 24/7 support.

State Opioid

Response

Minnesota’s response to the opioid crisis includes a significant effort to increase access to medication-assisted treatment, reduce unmet treatment needs, and lower opioid overdose related deaths through the provision of prevention, treatment and recovery.

State Opioid Response-funded (SOR) initiatives have been awarded to 27 counties, tribes, health care providers and community agencies to expand services, address disparities and increase the availability of life-saving medications. Grants ran through September 2020.

The current $5.7 million in grants from the Minnesota Department of Human Services is funding 12 organizations statewide for FY 2023.

Source: mn.gov

Current programs include the following.

State Opioid Response Current Grantee Programs

Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) Expansion and Recovery Resources

CHI St. Gabriel's Health

CHI St. Gabriel’s Family Medical Center offers training on evidence-based assessment and management of patients with opioid use disorders, thus spreading knowledge between rural clinics.

Crown Medical Support Services Clinic

Crown Medical Support Services, a culturally specific nonprofit community clinic in the inner city of Minneapolis, works to bridge the gap in healthcare disparities, particularly for individuals who are minorities and uninsured. The clinic offers office-based buprenorphine treatment and counseling programs designed to help those with a substance use disorder, among other behavioral health services.

Broadway Family Medicine (University of Minnesota)

Broadway Family Medicine, a University of Minnesota Department of Family Medicine and Community Health training clinic located in North Minneapolis, offers an integrated medication-assisted treatment (MAT) and addiction medicine training program.

Hennepin County

Hennepin County provides medication-assisted treatment and transition services for 480 justice-involved individuals with opioid use disorder. Hennepin County provides services at three sites serving justice-involved populations: the Adult Detention Center in Minneapolis, the Adult Corrections Facility in Plymouth, and the Behavioral Health Care Center. The program also supports opioid-specific transitional services linking people exiting services at these sites to ongoing MAT and additional community-based treatment, rehabilitative services, and wraparound supports.

Hennepin Healthcare

Hennepin Healthcare operates an Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) hub, a series of learning collaboratives focused on evidence-based assessment and management of patients with opioid use disorder. The ECHO hub focuses on diagnosis and office-based treatment and care for specific populations, including pregnant and postpartum women, individuals involved in the criminal justice system, and cultural minorities.

Hennepin Healthcare (Partnership with Native American Community Clinic)

Hennepin Healthcare, in partnership with the Native American Community Clinic (NACC), provides a multidisciplinary Native American Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) hub, which support health care and other service providers with tele-training and mentoring. Together, Hennepin Healthcare and the Native American Community Clinic addresses prevention and treatment of opioid use, disorders, pain management, and/or mental health conditions among American Indians in Minnesota.

Hennepin Healthcare System: Hennepin County Drug Court

Hennepin Healthcare System helps Hennepin County residents access treatment medications and services while they remain involved in the criminal justice system. The Hennepin Healthcare Addiction Medicine Program collaborates with the judge, administrator, community corrections staff and public defenders to increase the likelihood that individuals start and remain in treatment as they complete their court obligations.

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe focuses on the needs of pregnant women, justice involved populations, and families affected by or suffering from opioid use disorder. Using a multidisciplinary team approach, treatment plans emphasize culture through a partnership with the BaMeNim Anishinaabeg program, an entity under Leech Lake Tribal Courts that aims to prevent crime and delinquency through the promotion of healing of mind, body and spirit with a strong cultural component in program design.

Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe enhances treatment by expanding navigation and access to medication-assisted treatment for Mille Lacs Band members who are pregnant, women with children, or are re­entering the community from a secure facility. Naloxone training is also be provided.

Northwest Indian Community Development Center

The Northwest Indian Community Development Center offers services for justice involved and pregnant and parenting community members in Beltrami County. The center uses community-based services that focus on both prevention and reunification for American Indian families. The center provides parenting supports, education, life skills and self-management of the recovery process after inpatient treatment and during Medication-Assisted Treatment outpatient services.

Red Lake Chemical Health Programs: Mother's Sacred Gift

Mother’s Sacred Gifts Program focuses on the treatment, prevention and recovery for pregnant women who are dependent on opiates during pregnancy and early parenting. The program offers high quality pre-natal and post-natal medical and behavioral health care, collaboration with child welfare agencies to prevent out of home placements, case management including a peer recovery specialist, assistance with transportation and housing, and linkages with other services within Red Lake reservation.

Rice County Integrated Opioid Response Project

The Rice County Integrated Opioid Response Project focuses on improving systems and services through interdisciplinary collaboration and reducing barriers. The project creates an Integrated Opioid Response Council that works to increase partnerships across disciplines and streamline access to services, while a multidisciplinary team works with opiate users to connect them to whatever services are needed in order to move to recovery.

St. Louis County Public Health and Human Services Department

The St. Louis County Public Health and Human Services (SLC PHHS) Department offers a multi-disciplinary, holistic approach to address the harmful use of opioids, overdose and death within the four treatment courts in northeastern Minnesota. This project will provide opioid stabilization services and clinical case management services to participants who identify as having or are at risk for an opioid use disorder.

Sanford Health of Northern Minnesota

Sanford Health in Bemidji provides recovery services for pregnant women in collaboration with the Bemidji Women’s Clinic, Bemidji Medication Assisted Therapy Clinic, and community partners. Recovery Services for Pregnant Women works to reduce unmet opiate treatment needs for pregnant women, increase community awareness about opiate risk during pregnancy, and provide supportive services to pregnant women and mothers in recovery to prevent relapse.

Wayside Recovery Center

Wayside Recovery Center is a women’s behavioral health ECHO Hub that for connects providers and clinicians while strengthening care for women statewide. Wayside serves as a “super” ECHO Hub by supporting and partnering with the American Indian Family Center, Minnesota Indian Women’s Resource Center, Minnesota Recovery Connection, and Ecumen, focusing on American Indian pregnant, postpartum and parenting mothers, aging adults/seniors with opioid use disorder and peer recovery and care coordination services.

WEcovery

Located in Mankato, WEcovery is a Recovery Community Organization (RCO) dedicated to helping individuals maintain long-term recovery. WEcovery provides recovery group meetings in schools and at central locations, as well as supports student recovery with Certified Peer Recovery Specialist Services.

Increasing the Treatment Workforce

Career Pathways Collaborative: Life House/SOAR Career Solutions

Life House, Northeastern Minnesota’s largest provider of supportive housing and services to homeless youth, and SOAR Career Solutions, a career and re-entry services agency, have joined forces to create Opportunity Youth of Duluth (OYOD), a Career Pathways Collaborative serving young people ages 16-24 who are disconnected from school and work. OYOD enables youth to obtain in-demand living-wage occupations, provide supported transitional employment paired with stabilization and mental health supports, and supply individualized career coaching and facilitates apprenticeships and specialized job skills training.

Mesabi Range College

Mesabi Range College offers training on comprehensive opioid assessments for those seeking to work in underserved areas. The college trains people in rural areas in substance use disorder counseling, targeting social workers along with others who work with underrepresented communities and/or those who are low-income. The training helps prepare individuals for successful licensure to care for individuals with opioid and substance use disorder.

Integrations Wellness & Recovery Center

Integrations Wellness and Recovery Center addresses the shortage of licensed alcohol and drug counselors (LADCs) in rural Minnesota. The center offers an internship program focused on training in co-occurring mental health and substance use disorder treatment, opioid comprehensive assessments, and evidenced based standards of practice.

Wilder Foundation

To better equip behavioral health providers in recognizing and responding to the cultural needs of the Southeast Asian community, the Amherst H. Wilder Foundation is creating a series of trainings and a treatment curriculum. The curriculum will be developed in-house by a multilingual, multicultural team of mental health and substance use providers, with strong consumer input from outpatient treatment clients. The content will include videos of bilingual, bicultural providers introducing important topics or difficult activities; a facilitator’s manual explaining not only steps but also cultural context; and client-facing worksheets and activities translated into common Southeast Asian languages such as Hmong and Karen.

Naloxone Training and Distribution

Hennepin County Public Health's Red Door Clinic

The Naloxone training and distribution service within Hennepin County Public Health’s Red Door Clinic provides targeted opioid overdose prevention and recovery services to isolated and vulnerable communities in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. The Red Door has been providing Naloxone training and distribution as well as syringe exchange since 2015 in response to the rapidly increasing rate of opioid deaths within Hennepin County.

Indigenous Peoples Task Force

The Indigenous Peoples Task Force provides basic naloxone education, training and distribution to Native American-based organizations, service providers, community members, and to people who inject drugs.

Rural AIDS Action Network

Rural AIDS Action Network (RAAN) increases access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) as well as to help improve systems of care for patients diagnosed with co-occurring disorders. This project is designed to create a culturally responsive MAT program to support women at risk for OUD; create a medical dimension of care and improve client care coordination for the Red Lake Family Healing to Wellness Court (Mino-misko-miikanaakedaa); and improve coordination of post-overdose treatment, increase access to withdrawal support, and increase availability of MAT for difficult to reach populations.

Steve Rummler HOPE Network

Steve Rummler HOPE Network distributes naloxone kits and provides training throughout the Minnesota. In addition, the network expands naloxone distribution through strategic partnerships targeting 30 counties and embeds naloxone pick-up points and community overdose prevention trainers across the state.

The StreetWorks Collaborative (Lutheran Social Service)

A program of Lutheran Social Service of Minnesota’s Metro Homeless Youth Services, StreetWorks Collaborative works with youth experiencing homelessness and/or at risk of homelessness, ages 13 to 24 in the Twin Cities metropolitan area. The project, through youth-specific training and distribution of Narcan nasal spray, helps prevent young people experiencing or at risk of homelessness from dying of an opioid overdose.

Expanding the Availability of Medication Assisted Treatment

Avivo

Avivo provides outreach to individuals struggling with opioid use through mobile assessments and immediate, direct connections to chemical and mental health services. A care coordination team helps individuals access benefits and services, such as food assistance, employment or expunging a criminal record. The program also leverages strong relationships with community partners, the Native American Community Clinic, and Minnesota’s Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians (Red Lake Nation) to ensure client needs are met quickly.

Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe provides an integrated community response to opioids, including enhancing treatment for opioid use disorder for Mille Lacs Band members who are reentering the community from a secure facility, for pregnant women, and for women with children.

Valhalla Place

Valhalla Place provides navigation and access to medication-assisted treatment through street and community outreach, offering needs and substance use disorder assessments, referrals to medication-assisted treatment programs and services, and naloxone training and distribution.

Innovative Response to Minnesota’s Opioid Epidemic

Minnesota Indian Women's Resource Center

Minnesota Indian Women’s Resource Center operates a native-specific drop-in center to support urban Native women and Two Spirit/Native LGBTQ relatives. The center is grounded in indigenous healing philosophies to help those struggling with the combined challenges of substance/opioid use disorder, mental health/trauma conditions, homelessness and/or commercial exploitation/sex trafficking. The facility also provides respite in a welcoming and safe environment; immediate-needs services such as a safe sleeping area, shower and basic hygiene supplies; connection to harm reduction services, assessment, medical and mental health care; and the full range of treatment options, including Medication-Assisted Treatment.

NorthPoint Health & Wellness Center

NorthPoint Health and Wellness Center offers an innovative project called Healing Opioid Addiction through Whole Person Support (HOAWPS). The Center serves residents of North Minneapolis — particularly African American men — struggling with opioid use disorder. HOAWPS conducts outreach, helps clients stabilize prior to entering treatment, continues to access needed services during treatment, and helps those in need achieve personally identified goals related to their health and well-being. The program provides culturally responsive, whole-person care including access to housing, food, employment, legal and other services as needed to help clients achieve and maintain stability and sobriety.

Northwest Indian Community Development Center

The Northwest Indian Community Development Center in Bemidji offers an Anishinaabe Care Coordination model to deliver and enhance opioid use disorder prevention, treatment and recovery supports through an integrated community response. The center advances a tribally-driven approach to optimal chronic pain management grounded in culturally relevant practices, provides access high quality prenatal care and family support and reunification, and increases access to healing-centered environments for those returning home from incarceration or court ordered inpatient treatment, with special prioritization for prenatal/postnatal care.

PHS Indian Hospital Collaborative

The PHS Indian Hospital, also known as the Red Lake Hospital, works within the Red Lake Helping Hands Collaborative to expand access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) services, reduce assessment wait times, facilitate MAT induction for pregnant women, expand access to withdrawal management services, and improve care coordination for clients with opioid use disorder. The Red Lake Helping Hands Collaborative includes the Chemical Health Program, Red Lake Courts, and Family and Children’s Services.

Additional Information and Resources on the State's Response to the Opioid Crisis